应对金融危机 实现共同发展
——在联合国“世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响高级别会议”上的讲话
（2009年6月24日，美国纽约）
中华人民共和国外交部长 杨洁篪
Tackle Financial Crisis and Achieve Common Development
Remarks by H. E. Yang Jiechi Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China at the United Nations Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development
中文原声
英文同传
主席先生，
各位同事，
女士们，先生们：
Mr. Chairman,
Dear Colleagues,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
去年底，联合国多哈发展筹资后续国际会议决定举行“世界金融和经济危机及其对发展的影响高级别会议”。半年多来，各方为此会筹备工作做出了积极努力。我谨代表中国政府，对布罗克曼主席和协调员以及联合国秘书处所开展的卓有成效的工作表示肯定，对各会员国体现出的互相理解、彼此合作的精神表示赞赏。
The Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development was mandated at the United Nations Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development in Doha at the end of last year. Over the past half a year, all parties concerned have made active efforts in preparation for the conference. On behalf of the Chinese Government, I applaud the productive work of President Brockmann, the facilitator and the UN Secretariat and I appreciate the spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation demonstrated by all member states.
联合国是最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织，是促进国际经济与发展合作的重要机制。中方支持联合国在应对国际金融危机方面发挥更大作用，希望这次会议能够本着互利共赢的伙伴精神，共商应对国际金融危机、促进全球共同发展之策，发出国际社会团结一致、精诚合作的强烈信号，进一步凝聚国际共识，促进发展合作。
The United Nations is the most universal, representative and authoritative inter-governmental organization. It is an important mechanism in promoting international economic and development cooperation. China supports the UN in playing a bigger role in tackling the international financial crisis and hopes that in a spirit of win-win partnership, we can explore, through this meeting, ways to counter the international financial crisis and promote common development, send out a strong signal that the international community is united as one and is engaging in sincere cooperation, and further build international consensus and step up development cooperation.
主席先生，各位同事，
Mr. Chairman,
Dear Colleagues,
国际金融危机仍在持续，国际发展合作资源也因此在减少。发展中国家不是这场危机的制造者，却是危机最大的受害者。发展中各国普遍面临外需下降、贸易萎缩、外资撤离、侨汇减少的困境，外部融资难度上升，外部发展环境恶化。
As the international financial crisis is still unfolding, resources for international development cooperation are dwindling. Though developing countries did not cause this crisis, they have turned out to be the hardest hit. They now find themselves in a difficult situation of falling external demand, contracting trade, withdrawal of foreign investment and declining remittance from overseas．It is more difficult for them to access financing from abroad and their external environment for development is worsening.
根据世界银行的预测，2009年，发展中国家经济增长率将大幅下滑，新增5500-9000万赤贫人口。联合国粮农组织预测，2009年处于长期饥饿状态的人口将从危机前的8.5亿飙升到10亿，占发展中国家人口的比例超过18%。当前，发展中国家整体发展严重倒退己是不争的事实。在金融和经济危机冲击下，我们正面临一场前所未有的发展危机。
According to World Bank forecasts, there will be a major drop in the growth rate of developing countries in 2009, with an increase of 55-90 million people living in absolute poverty. And according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the population in chronic hunger will soar to one billion in 2009 from 850 million before the crisis, accounting for over 18% of the total population in developing countries. It is now an indisputable fact that developing countries have suffered a serious setback in their overall development. The financial and economic crisis has triggered an unprecedented development crisis.
如果发展问题进一步恶化，发展中国家发展困境加大，必将进一步压低全球总需求，迟滞全球经济复苏的步伐。国际社会应以更宽广的视野和更宏观的角度审视发展问题，将发展中国家作为应对国际金融危机、实现全球经济复苏的重要力量，将解决发展问题、化解发展危机作为应对金融危机的一个重要环节。为此，我们要深化全球发展伙伴关系，加强发展机构，加大发展投入，确保千年发展目标的实现不受影响。中方建议从以下四方面做出努力：
Should the development situation continue to worsen, and should difficulties continue to rise for developing countries, the whole world will feel the pinch in this era of economic globalization. It will hold down global demand and slow the pace of global economic recovery. The international community should therefore look at the development issue from a broader perspective and in a wider context, regard developing countries as an important force in addressing the international financial crisis and achieving global economic recovery, and take resolving the development issue and easing the development crisis as a key part of the effort to tackle the financial crisis. To this end, we should deepen global development partnership, strengthen development institutions, increase input in development and ensure unimpeded progress towards the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. China suggests that efforts be made in the following four areas:
第一，协调宏观经济政策。各方特别是主要发达经济体出台应对危机的财政、货币、贸易、就业等各项政策措施时，要考虑其对外可能造成的影响，尽量避免对发展中国家带来负面的溢出效应。国际社会要充分照顾发展中国家的国情和实际需要，在推动经济复苏过程中，为发展中国家的发展创造良好的外部环境。
First, coordinate macroeconomic policies. When introducing fiscal, monetary, trade and employment policies in response to the crisis, all parties, developed economies in particular, should take into consideration their possible external impact and make every effort to avoid any negative spillover effect on developing countries. While striving for economic recovery, the international community should fully accommodate the national conditions and real needs of developing countries, and foster a good external environment for their development.
第二，推动国际贸易增长。国际社会要坚定地反对贸易保护主义，对发展中国家特别是最不发达国家开放市场、减免关税，要加大“促贸援助”力度，帮助发展中国家加强能力建设。要积极推动多哈回合谈判根据已有授权，在锁定已取得成果基础上，早日实现发展回合的目标。
Second, promote growth of international trade. The international community should firmly oppose trade protectionism, open markets to developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, and lower or exempt their tariffs. We should step up efforts to increase aid-for-trade and help developing countries enhance capacity building. We should build on the progress already made in the Doha round negotiations and make vigorous efforts to achieve the goals set for this development round at an early date in accordance with the existing mandate.
第三，推进国际发展合作。发达国家应落实蒙特雷共识，兑现官方发展援助占国民总收入0. 7%的承诺，并进一步对发展中国家减免债务。国际金融机构应建立面向发展中国家的快速有效的金融救援机制。各方应切实落实二十国集团伦敦金融峰会共识，确保国际金融机构大幅增加长期发展投入，优先向发展中国家提供不附加苛刻条件的融资支持，其新增资源主要用于帮助发展中国家。
Third, intensify international development cooperation. Developed countries should implement the Monterrey Consensus, fulfill the commitment of using 0.7% of their gross national income (GNI) as official development assistance and act further to reduce and cancel the debt of developing countries. International financial institutions should establish financial rescue mechanisms that can provide prompt and effective assistance to developing countries．Parties concerned should earnestly implement the consensus reached at the G20 London summit to ensure that international financial institutions will substantially increase long-term development investment, provide on a priority basis financing support to developing countries with no harsh conditions attached, and use its new resources mainly to assist developing countries.
第四，拓展和深化南南合作。外部需求减少是发展中国家面临的共同难题。加强南南合作有助于弥补这一不足。发展中国家之间要扩大贸易和投资合作，相互开放市场，共同培育新的经济增长点。要加强发展经验交流，取长补短，实现优势互补。要不断创新合作模式，扩大合作渠道，提升合作水平。
Fourth, broaden and deepen South-South cooperation. Shrinking external demand is a common challenge facing developing countries, and to strengthen South-South cooperation can help ease the problem. Developing countries should increase trade and investment cooperation, open markets to each other, and work together to foster new areas of growth. It is important for developing countries to share development experience, learn from each other and draw on each other's strengths．We should develop innovative ways of cooperation, expand cooperation channels and upgrade the level of cooperation among developing countries.
主席先生，各位同事，
Mr. Chairman,
Dear Colleagues,
国际金融危机充分暴露了现行国际金融体系的缺陷，特别是国际金融机构中发展中国家代表性不足的问题。国际社会应着眼长远，按照全面性、均衡性、渐进性、实效性的原则，建设公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融体系，改革国际金融机构的治理结构，以塑造有利于世界经济和金融健康稳定发展的体制框架。
The global financial crisis has laid bare the deficiencies of the existing international financial system, especially the inadequate representation of developing countries in international financial institutions. The international community should adopt a long-term view and act in a comprehensive, balanced, incremental and results-oriented manner to build an international financial system that is fair, just, inclusive and orderly and reform the governance structure of international financial institutions so as to shape an institutional framework that serves the sound and steady economic and financial development of the world.
这也是尊重发展中国家关切、解决发展问题的重要组成部分。
This also represents a major effort to give due respect to the concerns of developing countries and address the issue of development. Efforts in this regard should include the following:
首先，要继续改进国际货币基金组织和世界银行的治理结构，切实提高发展中国家代表性和发言权，提高发展中国家担任上述机构高级管理人员的比例。相关的国际金融标准制定机构应吸收更多发展中国家加入，并使他们以平等身份全面参与讨论和决策。
First, continue to improve the governance structure of the IMF and the World Bank, genuinely increase the representation and voice of developing countries and let more people from developing countries assume senior management posts in these institutions. Relevant international financial standard-setting institutions should take in more developing countries and allow them to fully participate in the deliberation and decision-making process as equal members.
其次，要确保国际货币基金组织对各成员国宏观经济政策监督的公平性、公正性和平衡性。只盯着发展中国家，无视或忽视主要储备货币发行经济体的做法必须改变。同时，还要建立并完善国际金融监管机制。
Second, the IMF should be fair, just and balanced in supervising the macroeconomic policies of its members. The practice of focusing only on developing countries while forgetting or overlooking the major reserve currency-issuing economies must be changed. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve international financial supervision and regulation mechanisms.
第三，要稳定国际金融市场。此次国际金融危机、经济衰退使各国都蒙受了巨大损失。通过反思得出的一个重要共识就是，要保持主要储备货币汇率相对稳定，促进国际货币体系多元化、合理化，让发展中国家拥有更多选择，能更好地规避风险，更有效地利用外部资金促进自身发展。
Third, stabilize the international financial markets. Countries across the world have suffered heavy losses from the ongoing global financial crisis and economic recession. One important consensus we have reached upon reflection is that it is important to keep the exchange rates of major reserve currencies relatively stable and promote a diversified and rational international monetary system. This will enable developing countries to have more choices, better avert risks and make more effective use of external funds for their development.
主席先生，各位同事，
Mr. Chairman,
Dear Colleagues,
中国是国际发展合作的积极推动者和参与者，促进共同发展是中国外交政策的重要支柱。国际金融危机爆发后，中方一直主张把促进发展作为国际社会应对危机的重要举措，并积极推动和参与了有关国际合作。
China actively promotes and participates in international development cooperation. To pursue common development is a major pillar of China's foreign policy. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, China has been calling on the international community to promote development as an important way to tackle the crisis and has vigorously pushed forward and participated in relevant international cooperation.
——我们积极参与国际金融公司贸易融资计划，并提供15亿美元的融资支持；
--- We have taken an active part in the trade finance program of the International Finance Corporation (lFC) and provided US$1.5 billion in financing support.
——我们向有关发展中国家提供了力所能及的帮助，同有关国家和地区签署了总额达6500亿元人民币的双边货币互换协议；
--- We have provided assistance to some developing countries to the best of our ability and signed with some countries and regions bilateral currency swap agreements worth RMB 650 billion.
——我们已同国际货币基金组织商定，将以购买其债券的方式提供融资支持，主要用于帮助发展中国家；
--- We have agreed with the IMF to help it increase resources by purchasing its bonds and our financing support will be used mainly to help developing countries.
——我们积极参与区域外汇储备库建设，出资额占总规模1200亿美元的32%；
--- We have been actively involved in the development of a reserve pooling arrangement. Contribution from China will account for 32% of the total US$120 billion fund.
——我们正认真落实中非合作论坛北京峰会确定的各项援非举措，认真落实中方在联合国千年发展目标高级别会议上提出的帮助其他发展中国家加快发展的举措；
--- We are working hard to follow through on all the measures to assist Africa announced at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and implement the measures China proposed at the UN High-level Event on Millennium Development Goals to help other developing countries speed up development.
——我们将继续在南南合作框架内，向其他发展中国家提供力所能及的帮助。
--- We will, within the framework of South-South cooperation, continue to do what we can to assist other developing countries.
中方愿与国际社会继续共同努力，本着互利共赢的发展伙伴精神，携手合作，应对危机，促进世界经济早日复苏，推动联合国千年发展目标如期实现，建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
China is ready to work with the rest of the international community in a spirit of partnership for win-win development to tackle the financial crisis, achieve early recovery of the world economy, contribute to the attainment of the MDGs on schedule and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
谢谢主席先生！
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.